Linux commandline tips 2

Command

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apropos whatis

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man -t man | ps2pdf - > man.pdf

which command

time command

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time cat

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nice info

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renice 19 -p $$

dir navigation

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cd -

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cd

(cd dir && command)

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pushd .

file searching

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alias l='ls -l --color=auto'

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ls -lrt

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ls /usr/bin | pr -T9 -W$COLUMNS

find -name '*.[ch]' | xargs grep -E 'expr'

find -type f -print0 | xargs -r0 grep -F 'example'

find -maxdepth 1 -type f | xargs grep -F 'example'

find -maxdepth 1 -type d | while read dir; do echo $dir; echo cmd2; done

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find -type f ! -perm -444

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find -type d ! -perm -111

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locate -r 'file[^/]*\.txt'

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look reference

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grep --color reference /usr/share/dict/words

archives and compression

gpg -c file

gpg file.gpg

tar -c dir/ | bzip2 > dir.tar.bz2

bzip2 -dc dir.tar.bz2 | tar -x

tar -c dir/ | gzip | gpg -c | ssh user@remote 'dd of=dir.tar.gz.gpg'

find dir/ -name '*.txt' | tar -c --files-from=- | bzip2 > dir_txt.tar.bz2

find dir/ -name '*.txt' | xargs cp -a --target-directory=dir_txt/ --parents

( tar -c /dir/to/copy ) | ( cd /where/to/ && tar -x -p )

( cd /dir/to/copy && tar -c . ) | ( cd /where/to/ && tar -x -p )

( tar -c /dir/to/copy ) | ssh -C user@remote 'cd /where/to/ && tar -x -p'

dd bs=1M if=/dev/sda | gzip | ssh user@remote 'dd of=sda.gz'

rsync (Network efficient file copier: Use the --dry-run option for testing)

rsync -P rsync://rsync.server.com/path/to/file file

rsync --bwlimit=1000 fromfile tofile

rsync -az -e ssh --delete ~/public_html/ remote.com:'~/public_html'

rsync -auz -e ssh remote:/dir/ . && rsync -auz -e ssh . remote:/dir/

ssh (Secure SHell)

ssh $USER@$HOST command

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ssh -f -Y $USER@$HOSTNAME xeyes

scp -p -r $USER@$HOST: file dir/

ssh -g -L 8080:localhost:80 root@$HOST

ssh -R 1434:imap:143 root@$HOST

wget (multi purpose download tool)

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(cd dir/ && wget -nd -pHEKk http://www.pixelbeat.org/cmdline.html)

wget -c http://www.example.com/large.file

wget -r -nd -np -l1 -A '*.jpg' http://www.example.com/dir/

wget ftp://remote/file[1-9].iso/

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wget -q -O- http://www.pixelbeat.org/timeline.html | grep 'a href' | head

echo 'wget url' | at 01:00

wget --limit-rate=20k url

wget -nv --spider --force-html -i bookmarks.html

wget --mirror http://www.example.com/

networking (Note ifconfig, route, mii-tool, nslookup commands are obsolete)

ethtool eth0

ethtool --change eth0 autoneg off speed 100 duplex full

iwconfig eth1

iwconfig eth1 rate 1Mb/s fixed

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iwlist scan

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ip link show

ip link set dev eth0 name wan

ip link set dev eth0 up

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ip addr show

ip addr add 1.2.3.4/24 brd + dev eth0

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ip route show

ip route add default via 1.2.3.254

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tc qdisc add dev lo root handle 1:0 netem delay 20msec

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tc qdisc del dev lo root

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host pixelbeat.org

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hostname -i

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whois pixelbeat.org

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netstat -tupl

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netstat -tup

windows networking (Note samba is the package that provides all this windows specific networking support)

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smbtree

nmblookup -A 1.2.3.4

smbclient -L windows_box

mount -t smbfs -o fmask=666,guest //windows_box/share /mnt/share

echo 'message' | smbclient -M windows_box

text manipulation (Note sed uses stdin and stdout. Newer versions support inplace editing with the -i option)

sed 's/string1/string2/g'

sed 's/.*1/\12/g'

sed '/ *#/d; /^ *$/d'

sed ':a; /\\$/N; s/\\\n//; ta'

sed 's/[ \t]*$//'

sed 's/\([`"$\]\)/\\\1/g'

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seq 10 | sed "s/^/      /; s/ *.{7, }/\1/"

sed -n '1000{p;q}'

sed -n '10,20p;20q'

sed -n 's/.*<title>\(.*\)<\/title>.*/\1/ip;T;q'

sed -i 42d ~/.ssh/known_hosts

sort -t. -k1,1n -k2,2n -k3,3n -k4,4n

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echo 'Test' | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]'

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tr -dc '[:print:]' < /dev/urandom

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history | wc -l

set operations (Note you can export LANG=C for speed. Also these assume no duplicate lines within a file)

sort file1 file2 | uniq

sort file1 file2 | uniq -d

sort file1 file1 file2 | uniq -u

sort file1 file2 | uniq -u

join -t'\0' -a1 -a2 file1 file2

join -t'\0' file1 file2

join -t'\0' -v2 file1 file2

join -t'\0' -v1 -v2 file1 file2

math

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echo '(1 + sqrt(5))/2' | bc -l

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echo 'pad=20; min=64; (100*10^6)/((pad+min)*8)' | bc

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echo 'pad=20; min=64; print (100E6)/((pad+min)*8)' | python

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echo 'pad=20; plot [64:1518] (100*10**6)/((pad+x)*8)' | gnuplot -persist

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echo 'obase=16; ibase=10; 64206' | bc

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echo $((0x2dec))

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units -t '100m/9.58s' 'miles/hour'

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units -t '500GB' 'GiB'

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units -t '1 googol'

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seq 100 | (tr '\n' +; echo 0) | bc

calendar

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cal -3

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cal 9 1752

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date -d fri

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[ $(date -d "tomorrow" +%d) = "01" ]

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date --date='25 Dec' +%A

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date --date='@2147483647'

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TZ=':America/Los_Angeles' date

echo "mail -s 'get the train' P@draigBrady.com < /dev/null" | at 17:45

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echo "DISPLAY=$DISPLAY xmessage cooker" | at "NOW + 30 minutes"

locales

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printf "%'d\n" 1234

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BLOCK_SIZE=\'1 ls -l

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echo "I live in `locale territory`"

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LANG=en_IE.utf8 locale int_prefix

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locale | cut -d= -f1 | xargs locale -kc | less

recode (Obsoletes iconv, dos2unix, unix2dos)

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recode -l | less

recode windows-1252.. file_to_change.txt

recode utf-8/CRLF.. file_to_change.txt

recode iso-8859-15..utf8 file_to_change.txt

recode ../b64 < file.txt > file.b64

recode /qp.. < file.txt > file.qp

recode ..HTML < file.txt > file.html

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recode -lf windows-1252 | grep euro

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echo -n 0x80 | recode latin-9/x1..dump

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echo -n 0x20AC | recode ucs-2/x2..latin-9/x

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echo -n 0x20AC | recode ucs-2/x2..utf-8/x

CDs

gzip < /dev/cdrom > cdrom.iso.gz

mkisofs -V LABEL -r dir | gzip > cdrom.iso.gz

mount -o loop cdrom.iso /mnt/dir

cdrecord -v dev=/dev/cdrom blank=fast

gzip -dc cdrom.iso.gz | cdrecord -v dev=/dev/cdrom -

cdparanoia -B

cdrecord -v dev=/dev/cdrom -audio *.wav

oggenc --tracknum='track' track.cdda.wav -o 'track.ogg'

disk space (See also FSlint)

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ls -lSr

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du -s * | sort -k1,1rn | head

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df -h

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df -i

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fdisk -l

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rpm -q -a --qf '%10{SIZE}\t%{NAME}\n' | sort -k1,1n

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dpkg-query -W -f='${Installed-Size;10}\t${Package}\n' | sort -k1,1n

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dd bs=1 seek=2TB if=/dev/null of=ext3.test

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> file

monitoring/debugging

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tail -f /var/log/messages

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strace -c ls >/dev/null

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strace -f -e open ls >/dev/null

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ltrace -f -e getenv ls >/dev/null

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lsof -p $$

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lsof ~

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tcpdump not port 22

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ps -e -o pid,args --forest

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ps -e -o pcpu,cpu,nice,state,cputime,args --sort pcpu | sed '/^ 0.0 /d'

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ps -e -orss=,args= | sort -b -k1,1n | pr -TW$COLUMNS

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ps -C firefox-bin -L -o pid,tid,pcpu,state

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ps -p 1,2

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last reboot

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free -m

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watch -n.1 'cat /proc/interrupts'

system information (see also sysinfo) ('#' means root access is required)

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uname -a

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head -n1 /etc/issue

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cat /proc/partitions

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grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo

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grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo

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lspci -tv

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lsusb -tv

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mount | column -t

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grep -F capacity: /proc/acpi/battery/BAT0/info

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dmidecode -q | less

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smartctl -A /dev/sda | grep Power_On_Hours

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hdparm -i /dev/sda

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hdparm -tT /dev/sda

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badblocks -s /dev/sda

interactive (see also linux keyboard shortcuts)

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readline

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screen

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mc

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gnuplot

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links

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xdg-open .

miscellaneous

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alias hd='od -Ax -tx1z -v'

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alias realpath='readlink -f'

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set | grep $USER

touch -c -t 0304050607 file

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python -m SimpleHTTPServer